AccountingQA Latest Questions

Radha
Radha
In: >

(a) Potential investors (b) The owners or managers of the concern (c) Creditors and Lenders (d) Government​

  2. Simerpreet Helpful CMA Inter qualified

    The correct option is (b) and (d) As the internal analysis is done for the internal assessment of the firm, only those persons can carry out the assessment who has access to the internal accounting records of a business firm. As the owners or managers are the members of the top-level management execRead more

    The correct option is (b) and (d)

    As the internal analysis is done for the internal assessment of the firm, only those persons can carry out the assessment who has access to the internal accounting records of a business firm. As the owners or managers are the members of the top-level management executives they can carry out the work of internal analysis. Also, the government agencies can carry out internal analysis as they have been given the statutory powers of doing such works.

    To make it clear, let me explain a little about internal analysis-

    To determine the profitability of various activities and operations or to know the performance of the business concern, the top-level executives along with the management accountant carry out an internal assessment of the financial statements within the concern, this process is known as internal analysis.

     

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Naina@123
Naina@123
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1. Credit balance in the cash column of the cash book 2. Credit balance in the bank column of the cash book 3. Neither of the two 4. Both (a) ...

  2. Radha M.Com, NET
    This answer was edited.

    The correct answer is 2. Credit balance in the bank column of the cash book. The credit balance in the bank column of Cash Book represents the overdraft facility utilized by the business. Overdraft is a credit extension facility offered by banks to both savings and current account holders. It allowsRead more

    The correct answer is 2. Credit balance in the bank column of the cash book.

    The credit balance in the bank column of Cash Book represents the overdraft facility utilized by the business. Overdraft is a credit extension facility offered by banks to both savings and current account holders. It allows the account holder to borrow a specified sum of money over and above the balance in their accounts.

    It is a form of short-term borrowing offered by banks and is extremely useful for businesses to resolve short-term cash flow issues.

    The account holder can withdraw money even when his/her account does not have enough balance to cover the withdrawal. Since the business is withdrawing money that is not in its account, an overdraft is represented by a negative bank balance. That is why they are shown as a credit balance in the bank column of the Cash Book.

    Overdraft is a liability for the business. Hence, it is shown on the Equity and Liability part of the Balance Sheet under the head Current Liabilities and sub-head Short Term Borrowings.

    Banks do not offer this facility to all customers. Only those who have a good reputation and credit score are eligible for this facility. Like any other borrowing, interest is charged on the amount utilized by the account holder as an overdraft.

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Radha
Radha
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  2. Vijay Curious M.Com
    This answer was edited.

    The difference between a ledger & a trial balance is as follows: Basis Ledger Trial Balance Meaning Ledger is a book/register in which all the accounts are put together. A Trial Balance is a statement showing the debit and credit balance of all the accounts to ascertain the arithmetical accuracyRead more

    The difference between a ledger & a trial balance is as follows:

    Basis Ledger Trial Balance
    Meaning Ledger is a book/register in which all the accounts are put together. A Trial Balance is a statement showing the debit and credit balance of all the accounts to ascertain the arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts.
    Basis of preparation Journal is the basis for recording transactions in the ledger. The closing balances of different accounts in the ledger are the basis for preparing the trial balance.
    Objective It is prepared to see the net effect of various transactions affecting a particular account. It is prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of the books of accounts.
    Format A ledger has four identical columns on the debit and credit sides: 1. Date, 2. Particulars, 3. Journal Folio, 4. Amount. A Trial Balance has five columns: 1. S.No, 2. Name of Accounts, 3. Ledger Folio, 4. Debit Balance, 5. Credit Balance.
    Stage of Recording A ledger is prepared after recording the transactions in the journal. A trial balance is prepared after posting the transactions in the ledger.
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Manvi
Manvi
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  2. Ayushi Curious Pursuing CA
    This answer was edited.

    The journal entry for commission received is as presented below: Cash A/c / Bank A/c  / A Personal A/c    Dr.    -   ₹                     To Commission received A/c          -        ₹         (Being ₹ commission received)   The commission received means an amount received by a person or entity forRead more

    The journal entry for commission received is as presented below:

    Cash A/c / Bank A/c  / A Personal A/c    Dr.    –   ₹

                        To Commission received A/c          –        ₹        

    (Being ₹ commission received)

      The commission received means an amount received by a person or entity for the provision of a service. For example, a firm sold goods worth ₹10,000 of a manufacturer and was paid an amount of ₹1000 in cash as commission. So, the entry in the books of accounts of the firm will be as follows:

    Cash A/c       Dr.       ₹1000

    To Commission received A/c    ₹1000

    Now, let’s understand the logic behind the journal entry through the modern rules of accounting.

    Cash account, bank account and personal account are asset accounts. Hence, they are debited when assets are increased.

    While the commission received account is an income account. Hence, when income increases, it is credited.

    As per the traditional rules i.e. the golden rules of accounting, these are the explanations:

    Commission can be received in cash or bank. Hence the Cash or Bank account is debited as they are real accounts.

    “Debit what comes in, credit what goes out”

    Also, when it is not received but accrued, then a personal account is debited (the person or entity who has received the service but has not paid for it yet).  The following rule applies to the personal account.

    “Debit the receiver, credit the giver”

     Commission received is an income, thus it is a nominal account. It will be credited because of the following rule of nominal accounts:-

    “Debit all expense and losses, credit all income and gains”

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Bonnie
BonnieCurious
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  2. Ayushi Curious Pursuing CA

    ‘Reserve and surplus’ is a heading under ‘Equities and Liabilities’ in which various reserves and surplus of profit of an enterprise appear. Reserve are the amount set aside to meet with uncertainties of the future. They have credit balance as they are internal liabilities of an enterprise. While ‘sRead more

    ‘Reserve and surplus’ is a heading under ‘Equities and Liabilities’ in which various reserves and surplus of profit of an enterprise appear. Reserve are the amount set aside to meet with uncertainties of the future. They have credit balance as they are internal liabilities of an enterprise. While ‘surplus’ generally means the surplus amount in the profit and loss A/c or the operating surplus in case of a non-profit organisation, reserves are of many types:

    1. Revenue reserve
    2. Specific reserves
    • Reserves created from shareholder’s contribution
    1. Capital reserve
    2. Secret reserves

    Let’s discuss each of the above:

    1. Revenue reserves:

    Revenue reserve has two different definitions.

    First – Revenue reserves are the reserves that are created out of the profit made by an enterprise in the ordinary course of business. As per this definition, the examples of revenue reserves are:

    • General reserve: There is no restriction on the purpose for which this reserve can be used. It is a free reserve. Generally, this reserve is used to pay dividends.
    • Debenture Redemption Reserve: This reserve is mandatory to be created by law. The purpose is to ensure the timely redemption of debentures.
    • Dividend Equalisation Reserve: This reserve is created to maintain a steady rate of dividend every year even if the enterprise reports loss in any financial year.
    • Capital Redemption Reserve: This reserve can be solely used to issue bonus shares to fill the void created in total capital by redemption of preference shares.
    • Workmen Compensation Reserve: This reserve is created to pay for uncertain compensation that an enterprise may be liable to pay to its employees.
    • Investment Fluctuation Reserve: This reserve is created out of the profit of

     

       Second: Revenue reserve is a reserve from which can be used to any use. It can be the payment of dividends, creation of other reserves or reinvestment in the business. It is another name for general reserve.

    1. Specific reserves

    These are the reserves that are restricted to specific purposes only. These reserves are not free reserves i.e. dividends cannot be declared out of these reserves. However, if in case such reserve is not a statutory reserve, an enterprise can very well use such reserves for other purposes too. Specific reserves can be further classified into two types:

    • Statutory specific reserves: These are reserves that are mandatory to be created to comply with legal provisions applicable to an enterprise. Use of such reserves is restricted to some specific purposes.

    If such reserves are not created whenever applicable or if the amount in such reserves is used for a purpose other than the purpose for which it is created, the enterprise can invite face legal consequences. The examples of statutory reserves are as follows:

    • Capital Redemption Reserve
    • Debenture Redemption Reserve
    • Securities Premium Reserve
    • Non – Statutory specific reserves: It is not mandatory to create such reserves. They are created to meet with specific uncertainties of the future.
    • Workmen Compensation Reserve
    • Investment Fluctuation Reserve

    Important Note: Statutory reserve in the context of insurance companies means the minimum amount of cash and marketable securities to be set aside to comply with legal requirements.

    • Reserves created from shareholder’s contribution

    This is a reserve that is created out of a shareholder’s contribution. Securities premium reserve is the only such reserve that is created out of such shareholder’s contribution.

     

    Securities Premium Reserve: It is a reserve that is created when securities of a company such as shares or debentures are issued at a premium. The share or debenture premium money is created for this reserve. The purposes of which this reserve may be used as per section 52 of the Companies Act, 2013 are as follows:

    • For the issue of fully paid bonus shares.
    • For meeting preliminary expenses incurred by the company
    • For meeting the expense, commission or discount allowed on the issue of securities of the company.
    • In providing premium payable on the redemption of preference shares.
    • For the purchase of its own shares or other securities under section 68.
    1. Capital Reserve:

    Capital reserve is a reserve that is created out of the profit made by an enterprise from its non-operating activities like

    • selling of capital assets(fixed assets) at a profit
    • buying a business at profit (where net assets acquired is more than the purchase consideration)

    This reserve is used to finance long term projects of a company like buying or construction of fixed assets, writing off capital losses( selling of fixed assets at loss).

    1. Secret Reserve:

    A secret reserve is a reserve that exists but its existence is not shown in the balance sheet of an enterprise. An enterprise creates such reserves to hide from its competitor that it is in a better financial position than it appears in its balance sheet. Although the creation of secret reserves is prohibited by law, there are provisions for banking companies to create such reserves.

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Karan
Karan
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  2. Pooja_Parikh Aspiring Chartered Accountant

    No, Goodwill cannot be called a fictitious asset. A fictitious asset does not have any physical existence or realizable value. Although it is recorded in the assets column, it is not really an asset, rather it is an expense that is incurred during the accounting period. Its benefit, however, is realRead more

    No, Goodwill cannot be called a fictitious asset.

    A fictitious asset does not have any physical existence or realizable value. Although it is recorded in the assets column, it is not really an asset, rather it is an expense that is incurred during the accounting period. Its benefit, however, is realized for extended periods. This is why they are recorded as assets. They are recorded in a single year and are amortized over the years. A fictitious asset is neither tangible nor intangible.

    Examples of Fictitious Assets

    • Preliminary expenses
    • Promotional expenses
    • Discount on issue of shares/debentures etc.

    Now, goodwill is an intangible asset that relates to the purchase of a company. It is the amount that a company pays over the net worth of the company being purchased. This can be because of its brand value, good customer base, etc. As a company’s reputation improves, its goodwill increases accordingly. Therefore, It does not have a tangible existence but it does have a monetary value. They are also recorded on the asset side of the balance sheet under the head “Intangible assets”.

    Reason for not being a fictitious asset

    Since goodwill is an asset and not an expense, it cannot be called a fictitious asset. Moreover, goodwill has a realizable value. Unlike fictitious assets, goodwill can be purchased or sold. Therefore, goodwill is termed as an intangible asset but not a fictitious asset. The major difference between an intangible asset and a fictitious asset is:

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Aadil
AadilCurious
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  2. Ayushi Curious Pursuing CA

    When it is said that furniture is purchased for office use, it means it is an asset for the business and the journal entry for this event will be the following: Furniture A/c Dr. Amt To Cash/Bank / Vendor A/c Cr. Amt (Being furniture purchased for office use) Explanation of the journal as per the goRead more

    When it is said that furniture is purchased for office use, it means it is an asset for the business and the journal entry for this event will be the following:

    Furniture A/c Dr. Amt
    To Cash/Bank / Vendor A/c Cr. Amt
    (Being furniture purchased for office use)

    Explanation of the journal as per the golden rules of accounting

    The furniture account is a real account because it represents a material asset and the golden rule for real accounts is “Debit what comes in, credit what goes out”. Hence, the furniture account is debited as it is increased. The cash and bank are also real accounts and they are debited because there is an outflow from cash or bank.

    If the furniture is purchased on credit then the vendor account is credited. A vendor account represents a person and the golden rule for personal accounts is, “Debit the receiver, credit the giver”. It is credited as the furniture is given by the vendor.

    Explanation of journal as per modern rules of accounting

    The furniture account is an asset account hence it is debited as asset accounts are debited on increase. Cash and bank accounts are also assets accounts and they are credited as they are decreased on the purchase of furniture.

    A vendor account is a liability account as there is an obligation to pay the vendor. It is credited as it is increased. Liability accounts are credited on the increase and vice versa.

    When furniture is purchased for personal use

    If the furniture is purchased for personal use and the payment is made or is to be made out of business, then the asset will not be recognised as an asset for the business and it will be recorded as a drawing. It will be deducted out of capital. The journal entry will be the following:

    Capital  A/c Dr. Amt
    To Drawings A/c Cr. Amt
    (Being furniture purchased for personal use)

     

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