AccountingQA Latest Questions

Bonnie
BonnieCurious
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  1. PriyanshiGupta Graduated, B.Com
    This answer was edited.

    A revaluation Account is an account created to record the changes in the value of assets and liabilities during: Change in profit sharing ratio Admission of a partner Retirement of a partner Death of a partner The realization Account is prepared to sell assets and pay liabilities in the event of theRead more

    A revaluation Account is an account created to record the changes in the value of assets and liabilities during:

    • Change in profit sharing ratio
    • Admission of a partner
    • Retirement of a partner
    • Death of a partner

    The realization Account is prepared to sell assets and pay liabilities in the event of the dissolution of the firm.

    Revaluation Account is prepared for dissolution of the partnership while Realization Account is prepared for dissolution of the partnership firm.

    The increase or decrease in the value of assets and liabilities is transferred to the Realisation Account and the gain or loss thereof is transferred to the old partner’s capital account.

    • A decrease in Assets and an Increase in Liabilities is debited since it is a loss for the firm and all the losses are debited.
    • An increase in Assets and a Decrease in Liabilities is credited since it is gained for the firm and all the profits are credited.

    Format of Revaluation Account will be:

     

    Format of Realization Account will be:

     

    The difference between Realisation and Revaluation Account is:

    Revaluation Account Realization Account
    Prepared to record changes in assets and liabilities Prepared to record sale of assets and payment of liabilities
    Prepared at the time of dissolution of the partnership Prepared at the time of dissolution of partnership firm
    Assets and liabilities still exist in the books only their values change Assets and liabilities do not exist in the books of the firm
    This account contains only those assets and liabilities that are to be revalued. This account contains all the assets and liabilities of the firm.
    A revaluation Account can be prepared any number of times during the lifetime of the firm. The realization Account is only made once during the dissolution of the firm.
    The gain or loss during revaluation is transferred to the old partner’s capital accounts. The gain or loss during realization is transferred to the capital account of all the partners.

     

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Anushka Lalwani
Anushka Lalwani
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  1. Radhika
    This answer was edited.

    Unrecorded Assets are the assets that are completely written off but still physically available in the company or assets that are not shown in the books of the company. Unrecorded assets are generally recorded or recognized at the event of admission, retirement, death of a partner when all the assetRead more

    Unrecorded Assets are the assets that are completely written off but still physically available in the company or assets that are not shown in the books of the company.

    Unrecorded assets are generally recorded or recognized at the event of admission, retirement, death of a partner when all the assets and liabilities are revalued or dissolution of the firm.

    Since Accounting Standards require firms to record all the assets and liabilities in their books, it is therefore mandatory to record such unrecorded assets.

    There can be two cases for treatment of such unrecorded assets:

    • Unrecorded Asset entered into the business and recorded in books
    Unrecorded Asset A/c (Dr.) Amt
     To Revaluation A/c Amt

    The unrecorded asset is now debited since it has to be recorded in the books now and Revaluation Account is credited since it is again for the business which will eventually be transferred to Partners’ Capital Account.

    • Unrecorded Asset taken over by a partner and paid cash   
    Cash A/c (Dr.) Amt
     To Partners’ Capital A/c Amt

    If a partner decides to take over an unrecorded asset then his account is credited with that amount and since cash paid by the partner comes into business Cash Account is debited.

    • Unrecorded Asset discovered during Dissolution
    Cash/ A/c (Dr) Amt
     To Realization A/c Amt

    When an unrecorded asset is discovered during the dissolution of the firm, such an asset is sold directly to the outsider and as a result, cash A/c is debited since the cash is entering the business. The entry is made through the Revaluation A/c and it is hence credited.

    Example:

    At the time of revaluation, firms find a typewriter that has not been recorded in the books and is valued at Rs 10,000.  The journal entry to record that typewriter will be:

    Typewriter A/c (Dr.) 10,000
      To Revaluation A/c 10,000

     

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Manvi
Manvi
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  1. AbhishekBatabyal Helpful Pursuing CA, BCOM (HONS)
    This answer was edited.

    As the name suggests, unrecorded liabilities means the liabilities that a firm fails to record in its book of accounts. Usually, a firm gets to know about its unrecorded liabilities when it is about to get dissolved. What happens is that upon hearing that a firm is going to dissolve in near future,Read more

    As the name suggests, unrecorded liabilities means the liabilities that a firm fails to record in its book of accounts.

    Usually, a firm gets to know about its unrecorded liabilities when it is about to get dissolved. What happens is that upon hearing that a firm is going to dissolve in near future, its creditors and lenders report to the firm about their dues.

    At that time, a firm may get to know that it had failed to record some liabilities in its books and it has settled them now.

    We know that when a partnership firm is dissolved, a realisation account is created to which all the assets and liabilities of the firm are transferred.  Entries are as given below:

    Realisation A/c     Dr.      ₹ Amt

    To Assets A/c                  ₹ Amt

    ( Asset transferred to realisation account)

    Liabilities A/c    Dr.        ₹ Amt

    To Realisation A/c       ₹ Amt

    (Liabilities transferred to realisation account)

    Hence, for transferring unrecorded liabilities, the procedure is the same for the recorded liabilities:

    Unrecorded Liabilities A/c        Dr.     ₹ Amt

    To Realisation A/c                               ₹ Amt

    ( Unrecorded liabilities transferred to realisation account)

    Then to pay off the unrecorded liability the entry is:

    Realisation A/c     Dr.    ₹ Amt

    To Cash / Bank A/c       ₹ Amt

    (Unrecorded liabilities paid off)

    That’s it, I hope I was able to make you understand.

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Simerpreet
SimerpreetHelpful
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  1. Ayushi Curious Pursuing CA
    This answer was edited.

    Introduction The term 'gain ratio' is related to partnership accounting. Gain ratio refers to the ratio in which existing partners of a partnership firm, divide among themselves, the share of profit and loss of the outgoing partners. There is a method of calculating this gain ratio. The method alongRead more

    Introduction

    The term ‘gain ratio’ is related to partnership accounting. Gain ratio refers to the ratio in which existing partners of a partnership firm, divide among themselves, the share of profit and loss of the outgoing partners.

    There is a method of calculating this gain ratio. The method along with the concept behind gain ration is discussed below.

    Concept behind gain ratio

    A partnership firm is a form of business organisation which is conducted and carried on by members known as partners. It requires at least two partners to start a firm and the maximum limit is 50.

    The partners share the profit and loss of a business in a ratio known as Profit and loss sharing ratio.

    For example, Amanda, Bill and Chang are partners, having a P/L sharing ratio of 3:2:1 i.e. Amanda is getting 3/6, Bill is getting  2/6 of the same and Chang is getting ⅓ of the profit and loss

    If the profit is $6,000 , then Amanda will get $3,000 (3/6 of $6,000) and Bill will get $2,000 (2/6 of $6,000) and Chang will get $1,000 (1/6 of $6,000).

     

    Now if Amanda retires from the firm, then naturally, Bill and Chang’s share of profit will increase.

    The profit and loss sharing ratio will now be 2:1 (earlier it was 3:2:1) and the share of profit of Bill will be $4,000 and of Chang will be $2,000.

     

     

    Calculation of gain ratio

    The formula for calculating gain ratio = New ratio – Old Ratio

    As per the  above case:

    • Gain ratio of Bill = 2/3 – 2/6 = 2/6
    • Gain ratio of Chang = 1/3 – 1/6 = 1/6

     

    Therefore the gain ratio in which Bill and Chang gained the share of profit of Amanda is 2/6 : 1/6 or simply 2:1

    This is how we can calculate the gain ratio. But one thing to notice is that the gain ratio is equal to the P/L sharing ratio of the partnership between Bill and Chang.

    Hence, whenever a partner retires and the existing partner keep the P/L sharing ratio unchanged among themselves then, the gain ratio will be equal to their P/L sharing ratio. In that case, there is no need to calculate the gain ratio from the formula given above.

    But, when the remaining partners change the P/L sharing ratio among themselves after a partner retires, then the gain ratio is to be calculated using the formula given above.

    Suppose, upon retirement of Amanda, Bill and Chang change the P/L sharing between them to from 2:1 to 3:2

     In that case,

    • The gain ratio of Bill = 3/5 – 2/6 = 8/30
    • The gain ratio of Chang = 2/5 – 1/6 = 7/30

     

     Therefore the gain ratio in which Bill and Chang will gain the share of profit of Amanda is 8/30 : 7/30 or simply 8:7

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Anushka Lalwani
Anushka Lalwani
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  1. AbhishekBatabyal Helpful Pursuing CA, BCOM (HONS)

    Meaning of Workmen's Compensation Reserve Workmen compensation reserve is a reserve created to compensate the labourers and employees of a firm in case of an uncertain future event in the line with their work. For example, if a labourer or group of labourers get injured seriously while working on thRead more

    Meaning of Workmen’s Compensation Reserve

    Workmen compensation reserve is a reserve created to compensate the labourers and employees of a firm in case of an uncertain future event in the line with their work. For example, if a labourer or group of labourers get injured seriously while working on the premises of the firm, then they will be compensated from the money kept aside in the workmen’s compensation reserve.

    Workmen’s compensation reserve is created using the profits of a business. The journal entry for the creation of workmen compensation reserve is as follows:

    When a claim arises, the claim amount is transferred to Provision for workmen compensation claim A/c

    Treatment of workmen compensation reserve in revaluation account

    At the time of admission, retirement or death of partner or change in profit sharing ratio, the reserve is distributed among the old or existing partners or kept intact.

    Workmen’s compensation reserve is also distributed among the old or existing partners subject to the claim arising on the reserve.

    Here are the three situations:

     

    The revaluation account comes into the picture only when the claim is more than the amount available in the reserve. For example, the claim is Rs. 20,000 but the amount in the reserve is only Rs. 15,000.

    In such a case, the excess claim will be met by debiting the revaluation account.

    The journal will as  given below:

    Since the revaluation account is debited, it is a loss and this loss will be written from old or existing partners’ capital in the old profit sharing ratio. The journal entry is given below:

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Karan
Karan
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A. Debit balance B. Credit balance C. Either Debit or Credit D. None of these

  1. Ayushi Curious Pursuing CA
    This answer was edited.

    The correct option is C. Either Debit or Credit. Partner’s Current account is prepared when the capital account is of fixed nature. We know that partner’s capital account can be of fluctuating nature or fixed nature. In the case of fluctuating partner’s capital, all the transactions relating to theRead more

    The correct option is C. Either Debit or Credit.

    Partner’s Current account is prepared when the capital account is of fixed nature. We know that partner’s capital account can be of fluctuating nature or fixed nature.

    In the case of fluctuating partner’s capital, all the transactions relating to the appropriation of profit, salary, commission, drawings, the introduction of capital, interest on capital etc. are passed through the partner’s capital account.

    The balance of partner’s capital is generally credit but sometimes it may show debit balance indicating that the business owes to partner.

    But when the partner’s capital account is of fixed nature, then separate partner’ current accounts are prepared. Through this account, all the transactions of revenue nature are passed like appropriation of profits, salary or commission paid to a partner, interest on capital and drawings. The balance of this account may be debit or credit.

    The debit balance means the partner has withdrawn a lot of amount as drawings in anticipation of profits. The credit balance means the partner owes to the business.

    The partner’s capital shows a fixed amount as capital and its balance is affected only when additional capital is introduced or capital is withdrawn. The balance of this account is always credit.

    The partner current account is prepared when the firm wants to show the revenue transactions and capital transactions related to the partner ‘capital separately.

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Karan
Karan
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Difference BetweenDissolution of FirmDissolution of Partnership
  1. PriyanshiGupta Graduated, B.Com
    This answer was edited.

    Dissolution of partnership means partnership coming to an end while the firm still stands. Various reasons for the dissolution of partnership could be: Admission of a partner Death of a partner Retirement of a partner Dissolution of firm In the event of the above cases, the existing partnership is dRead more

    Dissolution of partnership means partnership coming to an end while the firm still stands. Various reasons for the dissolution of partnership could be:

    • Admission of a partner
    • Death of a partner
    • Retirement of a partner
    • Dissolution of firm

    In the event of the above cases, the existing partnership is dissolved and a new partnership is created with the new partners without affecting the firm.

    A new partnership deed is created, in case there is a partnership deed agreed among partners and new profit-sharing ratios among the partners are decided, while the assets and liabilities of the firm remain the same.

    Dissolution of a firm means the firm no longer exists. Various reasons for the dissolution of a partnership firm could be:

    • Mutual decision of partners
    • By the court of law

    A partnership firm is dissolved by a court of law when there has been a non-compliance of law, the firm is engaged in illegal practices, or that the court’s opinion is that it is in the public interest for the firm to be dissolved.

    The partnership is also dissolved with the dissolution of the firm but the converse need not be true.

    When a firm is dissolved, there is a sequence that is followed to pay creditors and partners.

    • First, outside creditors like banks, third party creditors are paid firstly with the cash available with the firm and then by selling the assets.
    • Second, partners who have lent money in the form of a loan to the firm are paid.
    • Lastly, if there is any surplus, partners are paid with the amount of their capital. In case of loss, partners are required to pay from their personal assets.

    Dissolution of the firm can be done by the partners themselves and they could also appoint a third person to do so on the payment of fees, charges, the proportion of surplus, or any contract that has been agreed to.

    To summarize, we can a draw a difference table as follows:

    Dissolution of Partnership Dissolution of Partnership Firm
    The partnership ends but the firm still stands. A partnership firm no longer exists.
    A new partnership deed is created by the mutual agreement of partners. A new partnership firm is created if the partners decide.
    Reasons:

    ·        Admission

    ·        Retirement

    ·        Death

    		 Reasons:

    ·        By court

    ·        Mutual decision of partners
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A_Team
A_TeamCurious
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  1. AishwaryaMunot
    This answer was edited.

    Meaning New profit-sharing ratio is the profit-sharing ratio after the new partner is admitted in the partnership. At the time of such admission there is change in old/existing partners’ ratio too. The share of new partner’s profit is acquired from old/existing partners’ share of profit. Thus, New pRead more

    Meaning

    New profit-sharing ratio is the profit-sharing ratio after the new partner is admitted in the partnership. At the time of such admission there is change in old/existing partners’ ratio too. The share of new partner’s profit is acquired from old/existing partners’ share of profit.

    Thus, New profit-sharing ratio can be stated as ratio in which all the partners, Old and New will share profits and losses of the partnership in future. The new profit-sharing ratio can be calculated as follows.

     

    Formula

    Sacrifice ratio is the ratio in which old/existing partners agrees to give away their share in profits for the new partner.

    For better understanding let’s see how calculation of New profit-sharing ratio can be done:

    Example : There are two partners in a partnership firm, Mr. Anil & Mr. Mukesh. Their profit-sharing ratio is 2:3. They wants to admit Mr. Nikhil as their third partner for 1/3rd share.

    In such case, Calculation of New profit-sharing ratio would be as follows:

    Total profit = 1

    Mr. Nikhil’s Share = 1/3

    Remaining Profit = 1 – 1/3 = 2/3

    So, this remaining share of 2/3 is shared among the old partners in their old ratio of 2:3.

    Mr. Anil’s Share = 2/3 x 2/5 = 4/15

    Mr. Mukesh’s Share = 2/3 x 3/5 = 6/15

    Mr. Nikhil’s Share = 1/3 x 5/5 =5/15

    So, New ratio would be 4/15: 6/15: 5/15 i.e., 6:4:5

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Bonnie
BonnieCurious
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  1. [email protected] (B.COM and CMA-Final)
    This answer was edited.

    To proceed with how to make a partnership deed, let me explain to you in short what is partnership deed? A partnership deed is the written agreement between the partners who have agreed to share profits of a business carried on by them. This basically contains terms and conditions to be followed betRead more

    To proceed with how to make a partnership deed, let me explain to you in short what is partnership deed?

    A partnership deed is the written agreement between the partners who have agreed to share profits of a business carried on by them. This basically contains terms and conditions to be followed between the partners.

    Few contents of the partnership deed are as follows:

    • Name, address, and type of business of the partnership firm.
    • Name & address of all the partners
    • Profit-sharing ratio.
    • Rights, duties, and liabilities of all partners.
    • Date of commencement of the partnership
    • Method of settlement of dispute among the partners.
    • Treatment of loss in case of insolvency of one or more partners.

     

    Generally, a partnership deed contains all those matters which can affect the relationship between the partners. However, if there is no such agreement the partnership should follow the provisions mentioned under The Partnership Act, 1932.

    Now coming to the main question how to make a partnership deed? See the process is not so complicated. The partnership deed may be oral or written, but as the oral agreement has no value for obtaining tax benefits, a partnership firm always prefers a written agreement.

    To prepare the same the partnership deed must be prepared on a stamp paper and signed by all the partners as per Indian Stamp Act and copies of the same should be with all the partners and also must be filed by the registrar of the firm.

    A deed may vary depending on the nature of the partnership they are engaged in. Generally, partnerships are of three types

    • General partnership
    • Limited partnership
    • Limited liability partnership

    the process of making deed is same for all but, the content of deed may vary depending on the liability of partners in the partnership.

    Further to know more about the registration process of partnership firm you can refer the following link https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/actsbills/pdf/Partnership_Act_1932.pdf

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Manvi
Manvi
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  1. Ayushi Curious Pursuing CA
    This answer was edited.

    The profit and loss appropriation account is an account created in addition to the Trading & Profit and loss account in the case of partnership firms. It is a nominal account. The net profit or loss from the Profit and loss account is transferred to the Capital A/c when we do the accounting of sRead more

    The profit and loss appropriation account is an account created in addition to the Trading & Profit and loss account in the case of partnership firms. It is a nominal account.

    The net profit or loss from the Profit and loss account is transferred to the Capital A/c when we do the accounting of sole proprietors.

    But, while doing the accounting of partnership, there is a need to appropriate this profit or loss as there are two or more partners’ capital accounts. So, for this purpose, the Profit and loss appropriation account is created.

    The net profit or loss is appropriated among the partner’s capital after adjustment the items like partner’s salary, commission, interest on capital, interest on drawing etc. It consists of items related to the partner’s claim.

    The format of the profit and loss appropriation account is as below:

    Let solve a problem to sharpen our concept:

    A and B are partners in firm sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 4:1. On 1st January 2019, their capitals were ₹ 20,000 and ₹ 10,000 respectively. The partnership deed specifies the following:

    1. Interest on capital is to be allowed at 5% per annum.
    2. Interest on drawings charged to A and B are ₹ 200 and ₹ 300 respectively.
    3. The net profit of the firm before considering interest on capital and interest on drawings amounted to ₹ 18,000.
    4. A is to be paid an annual salary of ₹2000

    Prepare Profit and loss appropriation account for the year ending 31st December 2019.

    Solution:

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