AccountingQA Latest Questions

Bonnie
BonnieCurious
In: >

  2. GautamSaxena Curious .

    Capitalize in Accounting The term 'capitalized' in accounting means to record an expenditure as an asset on the balance sheet. Capitalization takes place when a business buys an asset that has a useful life. The cost of the relevant asset is then allocated to expense over its useful life i.e charginRead more

    Capitalize in Accounting

    The term ‘capitalized’ in accounting means to record an expenditure as an asset on the balance sheet. Capitalization takes place when a business buys an asset that has a useful life. The cost of the relevant asset is then allocated to expense over its useful life i.e charging depreciation, etc. This means that the relevant expenditure will appear on the balance sheet instead of the income statement. The capitalizing of the expenses is a benefit for the company as the assets bought by them for the long-term are subjected to depreciation and capitalizing expenses can amortize or depreciate the costs. This process is called capitalization.

    In order to capitalize any expense, we’ll have to make sure it meets the criteria stated below.

    The assets exceeding the capitalization limit

    The companies set a capitalization limit, below which the expenses are considered too immaterial to be capitalized. Therefore, the limit is supposed to be followed and considered as it controls the capitalization of the expenses. Generally, the capitalization limit is $1,000.

    The assets have a useful life 

    The companies also seek to generate revenues for a long period of time. Thus, the asset should have a long and useful life at least a year or more. Thereby, the business can record it as an asset and depreciate it over its valuable life.

    Most of the important principles of capitalization in accounting are from the matching principle.

     

    Matching Principle

    The matching principle states that the expenses in the accounting should be recorded when they are incurred and not when the payment is made. This helps the business identify the amounts spent to generate revenue.

    For e.g, the company bought machinery for manufacturing goods with more efficiency. It is supposed to have a useful life for a period of over 10 years. Instead of expensing the entire cost of the machinery, the company will write off (depreciated) the cost of the asset over its useful life i.e 10 years. Therefore, the asset will be written off as it is used and these types of assets are automatically used as capitalized assets.

     

    Benefits of Capitalization

    Capitalization is of course recording expenses as an asset but this indeed has benefits.

    • This reduces the fluctuation of income over time as the fixed assets (long-term) are costly. For the small business owners or the small firms, it’s even greater.
    • The capitalization of expenditures increases the company’s asset balance, without changing the company’s liability balance. This improves the financial ratios like the current ratio.
    •  Small businesses have a provision for tax benefits related to the depreciation of capitalized assets. Section 179 of depreciation allows those business owners to depreciate certain assets quicker than others are allowed.

     

    See less
    • 0
A_Team
A_Team
In: >

A. Original B. Duplicate C. Personal D. Nominal

  2. AbhishekBatabyal Helpful Pursuing CA, BCOM (HONS)

    The correct option is (A) Original. Journal entry is the book of the original entry. It is because every event or transaction which is of monetary nature is first recorded in the journal. The transactions recorded in the journal are known as journal entries. Journal follows the double-entry system oRead more

    The correct option is (A) Original. Journal entry is the book of the original entry. It is because every event or transaction which is of monetary nature is first recorded in the journal. The transactions recorded in the journal are known as journal entries.

    Journal follows the double-entry system of accounting. It means a journal entry affects at least two accounts. It is from the journal entries, the ledger accounts are prepared. For example, the transaction, ‘sale of goods for Rs 1000 for cash’ affects two accounts. The journal entry is:

    There are many special journals that record some special set of transactions which are called subsidiary journals or daybooks. Such special journals are not considered the books of original entry.

    Option (B) Duplicate is wrong. It is because the journal is the book where monetary events and transactions are recorded. It cannot be the book of duplicate entries. There is no such thing as ‘book of duplicate entry.’

    Option (C) Personal is wrong. Personal is a type of account under the golden rules of accounting. A personal account is a type of account that represents a person. But, the journal is not an account, it is a book. Also, there is no such thing as book of personal entry.

    Option (D) Nominal is wrong. Nominal is also a type of account under the golden rules of accounting. The nominal account is a type of account that represents an income, expense, gain or loss. Journal is a type of account but a book.

    See less
    • 0
Simerpreet
SimerpreetHelpful
In: >

  2. Akash Kumar AK
    This answer was edited.

    Partnership Firm Persons who have entered into a partnership with one another to carry on a business are individually called “Partners“; collectively called a “Partnership Firm”; and the name under which their business is carried on is called the “Firm Name” In simple words, A partnership is an agreRead more

    Partnership Firm

    Persons who have entered into a partnership with one another to carry on a business are individually called “Partners“; collectively called a “Partnership Firm”; and the name under which their business is carried on is called the “Firm Name”

    In simple words, A partnership is an agreement between two or more people who comes together to run a business on a partnership deed, which is called a Partnership firm. A Partnership Deed is a written agreement between partners who are willing to form a Partnership Firm. It is also called a Partnership Agreement.

    It has no separate legal entity which cannot be separated from the members. It is merely a collective name given to the individuals composing it. This means, a partnership firm cannot hold property in its name, and neither it can sue nor be sued by others.

     

    Contents of a Partnership Deed

    A Partnership Deed shall mainly include the following contents:

    1. Name of the Partnership firm
    2. Address of the Partnership firm
    3. Details of all the Partners
    4. Date of commencement of the Business
    5. The amount of capital contributed by each of the partners forming the Partnership firm
    6. The Profit sharing ratio (The Business profit shared among the partners on a ratio basis)
    7. The rate or amount of Interest on Capital & the rate or amount of Interest on drawings to each partner respectively.
    8. The salary is payable to each of the partners of the firm.
    9. The rights, duties, and power of each partner of the firm.
    10. The duration of the existence of the firm

     

    Types of Partners

    The following are the various types o partners

    1. Working partner or Active partner
    2. Sleeping partner
    3. Limited partner
    4. Partner in profit only
    5. Nominal or quasi partner
    6. Minor as a partner

     

    Types of Partnership Firms

    There are four types of partnership which are as below.

    1. General Partnership
    2. Limited Partnership
    3. Partnership at will
    4. Particular Partnership

    Essential characteristics of a partnership firm

    1. Two or More persons: There must be at least two persons to form a partnership. A person cannot enter into a partnership with himself. The maximum number of persons in a partnership should not exceed 50.
    2. Agreement between partners: There must be an agreement between the parties in a partnership. The relation of partnership arises from the formation of a contract i.e., Partnership deed.
    3. Mutual Agency: Partnership business can be carried on by all the partners or by any of them acting on behalf of the others. in simple words, every partner is an agent to the other partners and of the form. Each partner is liable for acts performed by other partners on behalf of the firm.
    4. Registration of Firm: Registration of a partnership firm is not compulsory under the Act. The only document or even an oral agreement among partners required is the ‘partnership deed’ to bring the partnership into existence.
    5. Unlimited Liability: the liability of the partners is unlimited for the debts of the firm. In case the assets of the firm are insufficient to pay the debts in full, the personal property of each partner can be attached to pay the creditors of the firm.
    6. Non-Transferability of interest: there is a restriction in the transfer of shares of profits of the partnership without the prior consent of all other partners.
    7. Sharing of profits: The profits must be distributed among the partners in an agreed ratio. Similarly, losses should be shared among the partners.
    8. Lawful Business: The business carried on by the partners must be lawful. Illegal acts such as theft, dacoity, smuggling, etc., cannot be called partnerships.
    9. Utmost good faith: A partner must observe utmost good faith in all dealings with his co-partners. He must render true accounts and make no secret profits from the business.

     

    See less
    • 0
Simerpreet
SimerpreetHelpful
In: >

  2. Saurav
    This answer was edited.

    Debit balance means excess of credit side over debit side. For Example- At the beginning of the year the debit balance of trade receivables is 3,000 and there is a decrease(credit) of trade receivables of 1,000 during the year and an increase(debit) of trade receivables of 4,000 then at the end therRead more

    Debit balance means excess of credit side over debit side.

    For Example- At the beginning of the year the debit balance of trade receivables is 3,000 and there is a decrease(credit) of trade receivables of 1,000 during the year and an increase(debit) of trade receivables of 4,000 then at the end there will be a debit balance of 6,000 of trade receivables at the end

    A Debit balance basically signifies all expenses and losses and all positive balances of assets. The debit balance increases when any asset increases and decreases when any asset decreases.

    Assets

    All the assets that appear in the balance sheet always have a debit balance. The debit balance under it will increase as it debits. Some of these assets can be illustrated below -:

    •  Cash and Bank Balance: Cash and Bank Balance means the amount that is held by a person in physical form or in a current/savings account.
    • Property, Plant, and Equipment-  Property Plant, and Equipment means assets that are used for the production of goods and services.
    • Account Receivables– Account Receivables means the amount that is due from debtors to whom goods were sold at credit for a specified time period.
    • Inventory – Inventory means goods that are used in the normal course of business.
    • Investments– Investments are the amount invested in other companies from which they were expecting returns in future periods.

     

    Expenses and Losses

    All expenses that appear on the debit side of the P&L account have a debit balance in their accounts.

    For eg-: A rent of 10,000 is given to the landlord under which the work has been done by the entity.

    For eg-: A depreciation of 10% is there on an asset of 12,000 will result in a debit balance under depreciation in the P&L Account.

    Some of the following expenses can be illustrated below

    • Rent- Rent means a property that an entity takes on lease for business purpose and pay a certain amount to the landlord for such lease.
    • Depreciation– Depreciation means a fall in the value of an asset due to its usage every year
    • Loss on Sale of an asset- Loss on the Sale of an Asset means the sale amount of the asset is less than its WDV
    • Printing and stationery– Printing and Stationery means the paperwork or anything related to stationery used for business purposes
    • Audit fees– Audit fees are the amount which is given to an auditor for auditing the financials of an entity
    • Salaries and Wages– Salaries and Wages are the amount given to employees for the work they have done for the entity
    • Insurance– Insurance means a premium given by an entity for insurance done by them
    • Advertising– Advertising means any promotion that a company does of its product to increase its revenue

    So after seeing all the above points we can conclude that the debit balance includes all the expenses that are in the P&L account and all the assets that are there in the Balance sheet. So its balance increases when there is an increase in its account.

     

    CREDIT BALANCE

    Credit balance means excess of credit side over debit side.

    For example, At the beginning of the year, the credit balance of trade payable is 3,000 and there is a debit of trade payable of 1,000 during the year and an increase(credit) of trade payable of 4,000 then at end there will be a credit balance of 6,000 for trade payable at the end

    .A Credit balance signifies all income and gains and all liabilities and capital that is there in business.

    Liabilities

    • Account Payables
    • Bank Overdraft
    • Bonds
    • Income Tax Payables
    • Notes Payable
    • Deferred Tax Liability

     

    Income and Gains

    • Interest Received
    • Dividend Received
    • Rent Received
    • Gains on Sale of Capital Gains

     

     

    See less
    • 0
Bonnie
BonnieCurious
In: >

  2. A_Team (MBA - Finance Student) ISB College

    Profitability ratios measure how profitable a company is and are used to assess its performance and efficiency. Based on the income statement and balance sheet of a company, these ratios are calculated. In terms of profitability ratios, there are several types, each providing a different viewpoint.Read more

    Profitability ratios measure how profitable a company is and are used to assess its performance and efficiency. Based on the income statement and balance sheet of a company, these ratios are calculated.

    In terms of profitability ratios, there are several types, each providing a different viewpoint.

    The following are some common profitability ratios:

    Gross profit margin: This ratio measures the percentage of revenue that remains after the cost of goods sold has been deducted. Producing and selling efficiently is indicated by this metric.

    Net profit margin: An organization’s net profit margin is the portion of revenue left after all expenses have been deducted. A company’s profitability is measured by this indicator.

    Return on assets (ROA): This ratio measures how profitable a company’s assets are. In other words, it indicates how effectively a company generates profits from its assets.

    Return on equity (ROE): This ratio measures the profitability of a company’s equity. It shows how effectively a company generates profits from its shareholders’ investments.

    Analysts and investors use profitability ratios to evaluate a company’s performance and profitability ability.

    An investor or analyst can evaluate a company’s relative strength and identify potential opportunities or risks by comparing its profitability ratios with its peers or its industry averages.

    See less
    • 0
A_Team
A_Team
In: >

  2. Bonnie Curious MBA (Finance)

    Yes, non-current assets are also known as fixed assets. These are long-term assets that are not intended for sale but are used by a company in its business operations. Examples of non-current assets include property, plant, and equipment, as well as intangible assets like patents and trademarks. TheRead more

    Yes, non-current assets are also known as fixed assets. These are long-term assets that are not intended for sale but are used by a company in its business operations.

    Examples of non-current assets include property, plant, and equipment, as well as intangible assets like patents and trademarks. These assets are recorded on a company’s balance sheet and are reported at their historical cost or at their fair market value, depending on the type of asset.

     

    See less
    • 0
A_Team
A_Team
In: >

  2. Ayushi Curious Pursuing CA

    The partnership act 1932 does not mention the types of partners specifically. It does have mentions of ‘partner who is minor’ in section 30 and ‘partner by holding out in section 28. But we do come across many types of partners in partnership firms. Following is the list of the types of partners weRead more

    The partnership act 1932 does not mention the types of partners specifically. It does have mentions of ‘partner who is minor’ in section 30 and ‘partner by holding out in section 28.

    But we do come across many types of partners in partnership firms. Following is the list of the types of partners we generally see:-

    1. Active partner: – It is the partner who provides the capital and is also actively involved in the management and daily activities of the firm. Such a type of partner is of utmost importance to the firm. Apart from a share in profit and loss, he is also eligible to draw remuneration from the firm.

     

    1. Sleeping/ Dormant partner: – This type of partner does not participate in the daily workings of the firm nor actively participates in the management of the firm. Such a type of partner has a large sum of capital invested in the firm and shares the profits as well as losses of the firm.

     

    1. Partner by holding out:- If any partner, who by his words or by his conduct, represents himself as a partner of a firm, then he is called a partner by holding out. Such a partner is actually not a partner of the firm and doesn’t receive any share of profit as he has contributed no capital.

    As per section 28, such a partner is liable to any person who has given credit to the firm on             the belief that he is a partner of the firm.

     

    1. Minor partner: – If any person who is less than 18 years of age is admitted into the firm, such partner is known as a minor partner. Such a partner is entitled to the profits of the firm based on his capital but is immune from losses suffered by the firm.

     

    1. Secret partner: – It is a partner of a firm whose membership is kept hidden from the outsiders such as creditors and other third parties. But he is equally liable as other partners for the outside liabilities.

     

    1. Outgoing partner: – A partner who voluntarily leaves the partnership without dissolving the firm is called an outgoing partner or retiring partner. Such a partner is liable to all liabilities incurred before his retirement. But he can be held liable to outside liabilities if he fails to give public notice of his retirement.

     

    See less
    • 0
Load More Questions

Most Helping Users

Astha

Astha

Leader
Simerpreet

Simerpreet

Helpful
AbhishekBatabyal

AbhishekBatabyal

Helpful