AccountingQA Latest Questions

Naina@123
Naina@123
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  2. Radha M.Com, NET
    This answer was edited.

    The rate of depreciation on a car as per the Income Tax Act depends upon the purpose for which it has been purchased and the year on which it was acquired. As per the Income Tax Act, cars come under the Plant and Machinery block of assets. The Act classifies cars into two categories, Group 1 - MotorRead more

    The rate of depreciation on a car as per the Income Tax Act depends upon the purpose for which it has been purchased and the year on which it was acquired.

    As per the Income Tax Act, cars come under the Plant and Machinery block of assets.

    The Act classifies cars into two categories,

    • Group 1 – Motor cars other than those used in the business of running them on hire.
    • Group 2 – Motor taxis used in the business of running them on hire.

     

    Group 1:

    1. If the motor car is acquired and put to use on or after 23rd August 2019 but before 1st April 2020, then the rate applicable is 30%.
    2. If the motor car is acquired and put to use on or after 1st April 1990, then the rate applicable is 15%. (All the cars which are not covered under the category (1) comes under this category.)

     

    Group 2:

    1. If the motor taxi is acquired and put to use on or after 23rd August 2019 but before 1st April 2020, then the rate applicable is 45%.
    2. The rate applicable for motor taxis not covered under category (1) is 30%.

     

    Here is a summarised version of the rates applicable to cars,

     

    The rates can also be found on the Income Tax India website.

     

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A_Team
A_Team
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Depreciation is referred to as the reduction in the cost of a fixed asset in sequential order, due to wear and tear until the asset becomes obsolete. Following are some of ...

  2. Astha Leader Pursuing CA, BCom (Hons.)

    The main objective of depreciation is to calculate net profit. Depreciation is an expense allowed on the fixed assets of an entity to provide for the cost of benefit utilized by the entity in that particular year. Since the such assets are used for more than one financial year, profits for the furthRead more

    1. The main objective of depreciation is to calculate net profit.

    Depreciation is an expense allowed on the fixed assets of an entity to provide for the cost of benefit utilized by the entity in that particular year. Since the such assets are used for more than one financial year, profits for the further years would be misstated if such depreciation expense is not provided for.

    Further, depreciation in no way shows previous profits or satisfies the tax department and a reduction in tax is secondary since it will only be allowed if charged in the profit & loss account. Thus, B is the correct answer.

    2. Depreciation is generated due to wear and tear.

    Depreciation is provided for to compensate for the wear and tear of the asset while being used by the entity. Depreciation is not generated due to increase in the value of liability, decrease in capital or decrease in the value of assets. Rather the vice versa is true, that is an increase in liability, decrease in capital and decrease in asset is created due to depreciation.

    Thus, C is the correct answer.

    3. The purpose of making a provision for depreciation in the accounts is to charge the cost of fixed assets against profits.

    Fixed assets are long term assets with useful life of more than one accounting year and therefore the full cost of such assets are not provided for in the year of purchase rather a fixed portion is charged every year in the profit and loss account.

    Thus, A is correct and others are incorrect.

    4. According to the straight line method of depreciation, the depreciation remains constant.

    In the straight line method of depreciation, depreciation is calculated on the historical or purchase cost of the asset and the same amount is charged every year till the useful value of the asset, thus depreciation remains constant.

    Also, depreciation decreases each year in case of written down value method but depreciation can never increase. Thus, A is the correct answer.

    5. Total amount of depreciation of an asset cannot exceed its depreciable value.

    The depreciable value is the purchase cost of the asset less the scrap value. The total amount of depreciation can never exceed the depreciable value since depreciation is allowed on an asset till its useful life at a certain percentage. Even when the value of the asset becomes nil, no further depreciation would be charged and total depreciation would be equal to depreciable value but obviously cannot be more.

    Thus, A is the correct answer and other are wrong.

    6. According to fixed installment method, the depreciation is calculated on original cost.

    In the fixed installment method, also known as the straight line method, depreciation is calculated on the basis of the original or purchase cost of the asset using the formula-

    Depreciation = (Original cost – Scrap value)/Useful life of asset

    Thus, B is the correct answer.

    7. Salvage value means estimated disposal value.

    Salvage value is the value of the asset that can be realized by the entity on its sale after the useful life of the asset has been exhausted and is now obsolete for the entity.

    Salvage value is not definite but an estimation. Salvage value can be positive or nil but not negative. Thus, D is the correct option.

    8. Depreciation is calculated under diminishing balance method, based on book value.

    Under the diminishing value method, the depreciation is calculated at a certain percentage of the book value of the asset which is calculated after providing for depreciation in the previous year.

    Depreciation cannot be calculated on scrap value since it is the disposable value of the asset and depreciation on original value is calculated under straight line method. Thus, B is the correct option.

    9. Depreciation amount charged on a machinery will be debited to depreciation account.

    Depreciation is an expense and depreciation account will be debited since depreciation is a nominal account, as per traditional method, and all expenses are debited. Also, as per modern rules of accounting, increase in expenses are debited.

    When depreciation is charged there is a decrease in the value of assets therefore machinery account will be credit also depreciation cannot be classified under repair account or cash account heads. Thus, C is the correct option.

    10. In accounting, becoming out of date or obsolete is known as obsolescence.

    Amortization means decrease in the value of intangible assets of an entity. Depletion means exhaustion  of existing wasting assets such as coal mines. Physical deterioration means fall in value of asset due to physical damage to the asset. Therefore, the correct answer is Obsolescence.

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Simerpreet
SimerpreetHelpful
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Cash FlowDepreciation
  2. Astha Leader Pursuing CA, BCom (Hons.)
    This answer was edited.

    Depreciation refers to that portion of the value of an asset that a company uses in an accounting year to generate revenue. Assets are written off in form of depreciation over time also called the useful life of the asset. It denotes the wear and tear of an asset over time. Suppose, a company namedRead more

    Depreciation refers to that portion of the value of an asset that a company uses in an accounting year to generate revenue. Assets are written off in form of depreciation over time also called the useful life of the asset. It denotes the wear and tear of an asset over time.

    Suppose, a company named Johnson ltd. purchases machinery for 50,000 that has a useful life of 5 years with nil salvage value. Then the yearly depreciation to be charged can be calculated as:

    Depreciation calculation with formula

    Is Depreciation a Cash Flow?

    Cash flows are inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents in an entity. The payments made by the entity denote the outflows whereas the revenues or incomes of the entity denote the inflows. Talking about cash flows, depreciation is a non-cash item of expense which means it neither results in inflow nor outflow of cash resources.

    In the adjacent Profit and Loss statement, a cash payment of 7,000 for electricity implies outflow of cash however, depreciation of 10,000 is merely an imputed cost to write off an asset or we can say, a part of profits set aside each year so that there are sufficient funds available to procure a new asset after the currently available asset is discarded.

    showing depreciation in profit and loss account

    However, cash flow statements are affected by depreciation. Depreciation is added back to the net profits while calculating cash flows from operating expenses since it is a non-cash item and has been deducted while calculating net profits in the profit and loss statement.

    Depreciation shown in cash flow statement

    Depreciation does not directly impact the amount of cash generated or expended by a business but it is tax-deductible and will reduce the cash outflows related to income taxes. Thus, depreciation affects cash flow by reducing the amount of cash a business has to pay for income taxes.

    depreciation effect on cash flow indirectly

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Vijay
VijayCurious
In: >

  2. Simerpreet Helpful CMA Inter qualified
    This answer was edited.

    The Furniture and Fixture is depreciated @10% according to the income tax act and as per the companies act, 2013 @9.50% under Straight line method and @25.89% under written down value method. Furniture and fixture form a major part to furnish an office. For Example, the chair, table, bookshelves, etRead more

    The Furniture and Fixture is depreciated @10% according to the income tax act and as per the companies act, 2013 @9.50% under Straight line method and @25.89% under written down value method.

    Furniture and fixture form a major part to furnish an office. For Example, the chair, table, bookshelves, etc. all comes under Furniture and Fixture. The useful life of Furniture and Fixtures is estimated as 5-10 years depending upon the kind of furniture.

    Rate of depreciation in reference to days

    • If Furniture is bought and put to use for more than 180 days, then the full rate of depreciation will be charged.
    • If the furniture is bought and put to use for less than 180 days, then half the rate of depreciation will be charged.
    • If the furniture is bought but is not put to use, then no depreciation will be charged.
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Anushka Lalwani
Anushka Lalwani
In: >

  2. Akash Kumar AK
    This answer was edited.

    Depreciation is an accounting process of allocating the value of an asset over its estimated useful life. When a company purchases an asset, depreciation will be calculated at the end of every financial year on the asset. The company records the amount of depreciation in a separate ledger, i.e., AccRead more

    Depreciation is an accounting process of allocating the value of an asset over its estimated useful life.

    When a company purchases an asset, depreciation will be calculated at the end of every financial year on the asset. The company records the amount of depreciation in a separate ledger, i.e., Accumulated Depreciation. This expense will be debited instead of depreciation in the Asset ledger.

     

    Accumulated Depreciation

    Accumulated depreciation is the accumulated reduction in the cost of an asset over time.

    Depreciation is the reduction in the value of an asset over a specific timeframe, whereas accumulated depreciation is the sum of total depreciation on an asset since we bought it.

    we will understand this concept with a simple example.

    suppose machinery depreciates as follows

    Year 1 – Depreciation is 5,000

    Year 2 – Depreciation is 5,000

    Year 3 – Depreciation is 5,000

    Accumulated Depreciation in Year 3 = 5,000 + 5,000 + 5,000

    Therefore, overall 3 years of depreciation are accumulated at the last year-end.

     

    Journal entry for accumulated depreciation

    Example: Excellence Co. has purchased a new motor vehicle which costs $8,000 for their cab business. The motor vehicle is depreciated at @20% per annum. At the end of the year, Excellence Co. will record this accumulated depreciation journal entry.

    Year 1

    Depreciation A/c Dr. – $1600

    To Accumulated depreciation A/c – $1600

    Year 2

    Depreciation A/c Dr. – $1600

    To Accumulated Depreciation A/c – $1600

    Therefore, the Accumulated depreciation for the 2nd year end is $3200.

    At the time of the sale of the motor vehicle, the amount of accumulated depreciation will be reduced from the total value of the asset.

     

    Provision for depreciation

    Provision for depreciation is very similar to accumulated depreciation. Instead of reducing the amount of depreciation from the value of an asset, a separate provision A/C will be created, and the depreciation amount will be credited to the provision account, i.e., Provision for Depreciation account every year, and the asset will be shown the same value without reducing the depreciation from it.

     

    Journal entry for provision for depreciation

    Example: Yesman Co. purchased Machinery worth $40000 at the beginning of the current year for their production. The machinery will be depreciated at @10% per annum. At the end of the year, Yesman Co. will record this provision for depreciation journal entry.

    Year 1

    Depreciation A/c Dr. – $4000

    To Provision for Depreciation A/c – $4,000

    Year 2

    Depreciation A/c Dr. – $4000

    To Provision for Depreciation A/c –  $4000

    Therefore, the Provision for depreciation balance will be $8000 at the 2nd year-end.

    At the time of sale of the machinery, the amount of provision for depreciation created till the date will be reduced from the asset’s value.

     

    Conclusion

     

     

    Provision for depreciation and accumulated depreciation refers to the amount of depreciation accumulated over the useful life of an asset.

    The terms accumulated depreciation and provision for depreciation are different in hearing, but these are similar from the financial perspective.

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