The commercial banks are required to keep a certain amount of their deposits with the central bank and the percentage of deposits that the banks are required to keep as reserves is called Cash Reserve Ratio. The banks have to keep the amount to maintain the Cash Reserve Ratio with the RBI. CRR meansRead more
The commercial banks are required to keep a certain amount of their deposits with the central bank and the percentage of deposits that the banks are required to keep as reserves is called Cash Reserve Ratio.
The banks have to keep the amount to maintain the Cash Reserve Ratio with the RBI.
CRR means that commercial banks cannot lend money in the market or make investments or earn any interest on the amount below what is required to be kept in CRR.
RBI mandates Cash Reserve Ratio so that a percentage of the bank’s deposit is kept safe with the RBI, hence, in an uncertain event bank can still fulfill its obligation against its customers.
CRR also helps RBI to control liquidity in the economy. When CRR is kept at a higher rate, the lower the liquidity in the economy, and similarly when CRR is kept at a lower rate, there is higher liquidity in the economy.
The Reserve Bank of India also regulates inflation through the Cash Reserve Ratio:
- During inflation, that is when RBI wants to apply contractionary monetary policy, it increases CRR so that the money left with banks to lend is reduced. Such measures reduce the money supply in the economy and therefore help combat inflation.
- During deflation, that is when RBI wants to apply expansionary monetary policy, it reduces CRR, so that the money left with banks to lend is increased. Such measures increase the money supply in the economy and therefore help combat deflation.
The formula for CRR is-
Reserves maintained with Central Banks / Bank Deposits * 100%
For example:
The current CRR is 3% which means that for every Rs 100 deposit in the commercial banks have to keep Rs 3 as a deposit with RBI.
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When a partnership firm decides to admit a new partner into their firm, the old partners have to forego a part of their share for the new partner. Therefore, sacrificing Ratio is the proportion in which the existing partners of a company give up a part of their share for the new partner. The partnerRead more
When a partnership firm decides to admit a new partner into their firm, the old partners have to forego a part of their share for the new partner. Therefore, sacrificing Ratio is the proportion in which the existing partners of a company give up a part of their share for the new partner. The partners can choose to forego their shares equally or in an agreed proportion.
Before admission of the new partner, the existing partners would be sharing their profits in the old ratio. Upon admission, the profit-sharing ratio would change to accommodate the new partner. This would give rise to the new ratio. Hence Sacrificing ratio formula can be calculated as:
Sacrificing Ratio = Old Ratio – New Ratio
To further understand the formula, let’s say Bruce and Barry are sharing a pizza of 6 slices equally (3 slices each). They decide to share their pizza with Arthur such that they all get equal slices (2 slices each). Hence, we can use the formula to calculate their sacrifice as follows:
Bruce’s sacrifice = 3 – 2 = 1 slice
Barry’s sacrifice = 3 – 2 = 1 slice
Therefore, their sacrificing ratio = 1:1. In this same way, we can solve various problems to calculate the sacrifice of partners during a change in their profit sharing ratio.
For example, Joshua and Edwin are partners, sharing profits in the ratio 7:3. They admit Adam into their partnership such that the new profit-sharing ratio is 5:2:3. Therefore, their sacrificing ratio can be calculated as:
Joshua’s sacrifice = old share – new share = 7/10 – 5/10 = 2/10
Edwin’s sacrifice = old share – new share = 3/10 – 2/10 = 1/10
Hence, sacrificing ratio of Joshua and Edwin is 2:1. Once the denominators are equal, we ignore them and only consider numerators while showing sacrificing ratio.
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