AccountingQA Latest Questions

Anushka Lalwani
Anushka Lalwani
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A. Cash Book B. Statement C. Journal D. None of These

  2. Akash Kumar AK
    This answer was edited.

    The correct option is A) Cash book let's understand what is petty cash book: A petty cash book is a cash book maintained to record petty expenses. Petty expenses, mean small or minute expenses for which the payment is made in coins or a few notes or which are smaller denominations like tea or coffeeRead more

    The correct option is A) Cash book

    let’s understand what is petty cash book:

    • A petty cash book is a cash book maintained to record petty expenses.
    • Petty expenses, mean small or minute expenses for which the payment is made in coins or a few notes or which are smaller denominations like tea or coffee expenses, postage, bus or taxi fare, stationery expenses, etc.
    • The person who maintains the petty cash book is known as the petty cashier.
    • It is a simple process that helps organizations by focusing on major transactions as petty cashiers handle all small transactions.

     

    Generally, the petty cashbook is prepared as per the Imprest system. As per the Imprest system, the petty expenses for a period (month or week) are estimated and a fixed amount is given to the petty cashier to spend for that period.

    At the end of the period, the petty cashier sends the details to the chief cashier and he is reimbursed the amount spent. In this way, the debit balance of the petty cashbook always remains the same.

     

    The petty cash book has two columns in which

    • Cash received is recorded in the Left column i.e, “Receipts” or “Debit” column.
    • Cash payments are recorded in the Right column i.e, “Payment” or “Credit” column.

     

    Balance of Petty cash book

    The balance of petty cash book is never closed and their balances are carried forward to the next accounting period which is considered one of the most significant qualities of an asset whereas Income doesn’t have any opening balance and their balances get closed at the end of every accounting year.

    A petty cash book is placed under the head current asset in the balance sheet. The Closing Balance of the petty cash book is computed by deducting Total expenditure from the Total cash receipt (as received from the head cashier).

     

    Format for petty cash book

    Only small denominations are recorded in the petty cash book. It varies with the type, quantity, and need of a business. It involves cash and checks.

     

    • Ordinary Petty cash book:

     

    • Analytical Petty cash book:

     

    Conclusion

    A simple petty cash book is a type of cash book because it records the small expenses which involve small transactions in the ordinary daily business.

    A petty cash book is not as important as an income statement, balance sheet, or trail balance it doesn’t measure the accuracy of accounts so it is not treated as a statement.

    No journal entries are made in the books of accounts while spending or purchasing using a petty cash book so, it is not treated as a journal.

     

     

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Anushka Lalwani
Anushka Lalwani
In: >

1) Cash Book 2) Statement 3) Journal 4) None of these

  2. ShreyaSharma none
    This answer was edited.

    1) A simple petty cash book is like a cash book.   Definition The term 'petty' means small. A simple petty cash book is identical to a cash book, maintained to record the small expenses of a business like stationery, postage, stamps, carriage, etc. The cash received by a petty cashier is recordRead more

    1) A simple petty cash book is like a cash book.

     

    Definition

    The term ‘petty’ means small. A simple petty cash book is identical to a cash book, maintained to record the small expenses of a business like stationery, postage, stamps, carriage, etc. The cash received by a petty cashier is recorded on the debit/ receipt side whereas, the cash he pays is recorded on the credit/ payment side. The difference between the sum of the debit and credit items represents the balance of the petty cash in hand.

    Format

    Explanation

    Cash Book – A simple petty cash book is recorded and maintained just like the cash book. Just like a cash book records all the major transactions of the business, a petty cash book only focuses on the expenses which are of little value. Just like the cash book is maintained by the accountant of the business, the petty cash book is maintained by the petty cashier.

    Therefore, a petty cash book is like a sub-part of a cash book itself.

    Statement – A statement in accounting terms refer to a report. They are prepared to show some accounting data and different types of statements show different perspectives of the company’s financial health and performance. For e.g Balance sheet, trial balance, cash flow statements, etc.

    Thus, a petty cash book is not a part of statements in accounting.

    Journal – A petty cash book is not a part of a journal as a journal entry records business transactions in the accounting system for an organization and is also called the building block of the double-entry accounting method. While a petty cash book is maintained to record the small expenses of a business that are of little value.

    Therefore, 1) Cash book is the correct option.

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Anushka Lalwani
Anushka Lalwani
In: >

1) Liability 2) Asset 3) Expenses 4) Income

  2. ShreyaSharma none
    This answer was edited.

    Therefore, 2) Asset is the correct option. Explanation   The petty cash book is managed and made by not an accountant but the petty cashier and is done to record small incomes and expenditures that are not recordable in the cash book. Therefore, the desired result we obtain from the deduction oRead more

    Therefore, 2) Asset is the correct option.

    Explanation

     

    The petty cash book is managed and made by not an accountant but the petty cashier and is done to record small incomes and expenditures that are not recordable in the cash book. Therefore, the desired result we obtain from the deduction of the total expenditure and total cash receipt is the closing balance of the petty cash book.

    Petty cash refers to the in-hand physical cash that a business holds to pay for small and unplanned expenses.

    Asset: The closing balance of the petty cash book is considered an asset because the petty cash book is a type of cash book. The petty cash book also deals in outflow and inflow of the cash, it also maintains and records income and expenditure that are similar to the cash book.

     

    The petty cash book since being a part of the cash book, which records all the inflow and outflow of cash in a business, which is an asset, thus petty cash book’s closing balance is considered an asset. Also, the balance of the petty cash book is never closed. Their closing balance is carried forward to the next year.

     

    Liability: The closing balance of the petty cash book is not considered a liability because that closing balance of the petty cash book doesn’t create a liability for the business. In fact, the closing of the petty cash book is placed under the head current asset in the balance sheet as mentioned above, it’s a part of the cash book which records the transactions of cash a/c which is an asset itself.

     

    Expenses or Income: It is not an expense because the closing balance of the petty cash book is calculated by deducting the total expenditure from the total cash receipt.

    That is an asset and it is considered to be a current asset, neither an income nor an expense. It is used for paying out petty expenses.

     

    Therefore, the closing balance of the petty cash book is considered an asset.

     

     

     

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Naina@123
Naina@123
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1. Credit balance in the cash column of the cash book 2. Credit balance in the bank column of the cash book 3. Neither of the two 4. Both (a) ...

  2. Radha M.Com, NET
    This answer was edited.

    The correct answer is 2. Credit balance in the bank column of the cash book. The credit balance in the bank column of Cash Book represents the overdraft facility utilized by the business. Overdraft is a credit extension facility offered by banks to both savings and current account holders. It allowsRead more

    The correct answer is 2. Credit balance in the bank column of the cash book.

    The credit balance in the bank column of Cash Book represents the overdraft facility utilized by the business. Overdraft is a credit extension facility offered by banks to both savings and current account holders. It allows the account holder to borrow a specified sum of money over and above the balance in their accounts.

    It is a form of short-term borrowing offered by banks and is extremely useful for businesses to resolve short-term cash flow issues.

    The account holder can withdraw money even when his/her account does not have enough balance to cover the withdrawal. Since the business is withdrawing money that is not in its account, an overdraft is represented by a negative bank balance. That is why they are shown as a credit balance in the bank column of the Cash Book.

    Overdraft is a liability for the business. Hence, it is shown on the Equity and Liability part of the Balance Sheet under the head Current Liabilities and sub-head Short Term Borrowings.

    Banks do not offer this facility to all customers. Only those who have a good reputation and credit score are eligible for this facility. Like any other borrowing, interest is charged on the amount utilized by the account holder as an overdraft.

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ShreyaSharma
ShreyaSharma
In: >

  2. GautamSaxena Curious .
    This answer was edited.

    Subsidiary Books Introduction & Definition In large business organizations, it is practically impossible to keep a record of every single business affair, while neglecting them and not recording them wouldn't be an ideal choice, this is where subsidiary books come into the role. As we were introRead more

    Subsidiary Books

    Introduction & Definition

    In large business organizations, it is practically impossible to keep a record of every single business affair, while neglecting them and not recording them wouldn’t be an ideal choice, this is where subsidiary books come into the role. As we were introduced to the basics of accounting in the 11th standard, we learned about different elements like journals, ledgers, trial balances, etc. It is practically impossible for a business to keep track of every single affair just through only those elements. Thus, the Subsidiary book is the next step here.

    Subsidiary books are the books of original entry. They are a dedicated form of books that maintains an analysis of a specific account. It records financial transactions of a similar nature. They are sub-division of a journal.

    In big business organizations, it’s very hard for a bookkeeper or accountant to record all the transactions in one journal and post them into various accounts.  This is where special purpose books or subsidiary books may be required for more efficient bookkeeping. They are a subdivision of journals and for every type of transaction, there is a separate book.

     

    Types of Subsidiary Books

    There are eight types of subsidiary books that are required for recording transactions. The list of various subsidiary books is as follows:

    1. Cash Book
    2. Purchase Book
    3. Sales Book
    4. Purchase Return Book
    5. Sales Return Book
    6. Journal Proper
    7. Bills Receivable Book
    8. Bills Payable Book

     

    Types of Subsidiary Books

    Now, we’ll be taking a closer look at each and every subsidiary book.

     

    Cash Book

     The cash book is the most important subsidiary book, it’s a book of a prime entry recording all the cash spent or received by the business, either in cash form or from the bank. In simple words, recording all the transactions made by the business.

    It is of three types i.e single-column cash book, double-column cash book, and triple-column cash book. As the name indicates, the column of cash, bank, and discount increases/decreases as per the column of the cash book stated.

    Format 

     

    Note: this is a triple-column cash book format, for the double-column cash book format, we remove the discount column from both sides, and for the single column, we may remove the bank column as well.

    Purchase Book

    A purchase book is a subsidiary book that records all the transactions related to the credit purchase in a business. Thereby, the normal purchasing of assets is never recorded in the purchase book.

    The credit purchases are directly recorded in the purchase book from the journals or the source documents. The source document indicates bills payable, invoices, etc.

    Format

     

    Sales Book

    A sales book, similar to a purchase book, is a special book where all the credit sales are recorded. The sales book doesn’t record the transactions related to the normal sale of assets and hence, is a special type of book, just like the purchase book.

    Format

     

    Purchase Return Book

    The purchase return book, also known as the return outwards book, is that book that records the goods that were returned by us to the supplier. Thereby, called purchase return book.

    When the goods are returned, a debit note is issued against every return and hence, recorded in the purchase return book.

    Format

     

     

    Sales Return Book

    The sales return book, also known as the return inwards book, refers to that subsidiary book that records the goods which were returned to us by the customer.

    For every good returned to us, a credit note is issued to the customer. And thus, it is recorded in the sales return book.

    Format

     

     

    Journal Proper

    Just like we recently learned in class 11th about what a journal entry is and how it is made, it’s a little different from the journal proper. Journal proper is a subsidiary book that records all the transactions which are not recorded in other subsidiary books.

    A journal is an original book of entries that records all the business transactions, while a journal proper is a subsidiary book in which all types of miscellaneous credit business transactions are recorded that do not fit anywhere in the other subsidiary books. Its format is the same as the journal entries’ format. Therefore, it’s also known as a miscellaneous journal.

    Format

     

     

     Bills Receivable Book

    The bills receivable book is the book that draws the bills favorable to the business i.e when the goods or services are provided to any customer on credit, they become a debtor, and bills receivable is a written note received from the customer indicating that they formally agree to pay the sum of money owed.

    Therefore, it helps in recording these types of transactions. The sum total of the bills receivable book is posted to the bills receivable account.

    Format

     

     

    Bills Payable Book

    The bills payable book is the subsidiary book that records all the bills that are drawn on the company. The bills payable is drawn on the company when we buy a good/service on credit and agrees to pay the amount to the supplier by signing a written note with the date we agree to pay.

    It’s a liability of the business and the total of the bills payable book is posted on the credit side of the bills payable account.

    Format

     

     

     

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A_Team
A_Team
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  2. Vijay Curious M.Com

    Cash Book is called a journalized ledger because it is considered to be both a journal as well as a ledger. As you know Cash Book is a subsidiary book. But like a journal, the transactions in the Cash Book are recorded in it for the first time from the source documents/vouchers. Hence it is considerRead more

    Cash Book is called a journalized ledger because it is considered to be both a journal as well as a ledger.

    As you know Cash Book is a subsidiary book. But like a journal, the transactions in the Cash Book are recorded in it for the first time from the source documents/vouchers. Hence it is considered to be a journal for all cash transactions.

    Cash Book can also be viewed as a Cash A/c because all transactions involving cash are recorded in it. It provides a summary of cash transactions. Hence it is considered to be a ledger account for cash transactions.

    Since Cash Book is both a journal and ledger, you can very well call it a ‘journalized ledger’.

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Anushka Lalwani
Anushka Lalwani
In: >

  2. ShreyaSharma none
    This answer was edited.

    Introduction & Definition Firstly, let's see what the term 'petty cash book' means. The word ‘petty’ means small. A petty cash book is identical to a cash book, maintained to record the small expenses of a business like stationery, postage, stamps, carriage, etc. The cash received by a petty casRead more

    Introduction & Definition

    Firstly, let’s see what the term ‘petty cash book’ means. The word ‘petty’ means small. A petty cash book is identical to a cash book, maintained to record the small expenses of a business like stationery, postage, stamps, carriage, etc. The cash received by a petty cashier is recorded on the debit/ receipt side whereas, the money he pays is recorded on the credit/ payment side. The difference between the sum of the debit and credit items represents the balance of the petty cash in hand.

    The reason the petty cash book is maintained is that it records small expenses that are inconvenient or too small to be registered in the cash book. This is also called a simple petty cash book. Just like a cash book is maintained by the accountant, the petty cash book is maintained by a petty cashier.

    When it comes to the format, there are two types of petty cash book formats. They are-

    1. Simple Petty Cash Book
    2. Analytical Petty Cash Book

    We have been discussing the simple petty cash book so far. Thus,

    Format of Simple Petty Cash Book

     

     

    Analytical Petty Cash Book

    The analytical petty cash book has numerous columns for the recording of monetary transactions. In the analytical petty cash book, there are pre-existing columns for the usual expenses that are recorded frequently in the business which makes it easier for a business that has daily expenses for food, stationery, postage, etc. They’ll be having individual columns. It has numerous columns in it for the recording of expenses in it.

    The key advantages of an analytical petty cash book are-

    • One of the major key advantages is that the analytical petty cash book due to its format and structure saves time.
    • The other advantage is that it helps the business in easy comparisons.
    • It requires lesser time in recording.

     

    Format of Analytical Petty Cash Book

     

     

     

     

     

     

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Jayesh Gupta
Jayesh GuptaCurious
In: >

  2. prashant06 B.com, CMA pursuing
    This answer was edited.

    Unfavorable balance as per cash book generally means credit balance in the cash book. This is also known as bank overdraft. Making the above definition more clear, unfavorable balance or bank overdraft means an excessive amount of cash withdrawn than what is deposited in the bank. Simply it is the lRead more

    Unfavorable balance as per cash book generally means credit balance in the cash book. This is also known as bank overdraft.

    Making the above definition more clear, unfavorable balance or bank overdraft means an excessive amount of cash withdrawn than what is deposited in the bank. Simply it is the loan taken from the bank. When there is an overdraft balance the treatment is just the opposite of that of favorable balance.

    Generally for business overdraft occurs when there is immediate or emergency funding for the short term. This can be seen for small and medium-sized businesses. This is considered to be convenient for these businesses because there is no requirement to pay interest on the lump-sum loan, only have to pay interest on the fund you use. Generally linked to an existing transaction account.

    To reconcile this we need to prepare a Bank reconciliation statement. The procedure of preparing BRS under unfavorable conditions is as follows

    • If we start from the cash book balance then “ADD” all the transactions resulting in an increase in the passbook. “DEDUCT” all the transactions that resulted in a decrease in the balance of the passbook. Then the net overdraft balance should be the same as in the passbook.
    • If we start from the balance as per the passbook then “ADD” all the transactions resulting in an increase in the balance of the cashbook and “DEDUCT” all the transactions related to a decrease in the balance of the cash book. The net overdraft balance as per the passbook should reconcile with the cash book.

     

    Let us take one example considering one of the above conditions.

    The cash book of M/s Alfa ltd shows a credit balance of Rs 6,500.

    • A Cheque of Rs 3,500 was deposited but not collected by the bank.
    • The firm issued a cheque of Rs 1,000 but was not presented for payment.
    • There was a debit balance in the passbook of Rs 200 and Rs 400 for interest and bank charges.

     

    Bank Reconciliation Statement

    Particulars Add Deduct
    1. Balance as per cash book 6,500
    2. Cheque issued but not yet presented 1,000
    3. cheque deposited but not yet credited by the bank 3,500
    4. bank and interest charges 600
    Balance as per passbook (overdraft) 9,600
    10,600 10,600
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Ishika Pandey
Ishika PandeyCurious
In: >

  2. SidharthBadlani CA Inter Student

    A bills receivable book is a subsidiary book that shows the details of various bills receivables drawn on customers. It shows the amount, due date, date when the bill was drawn, name of the acceptor, and various other details pertaining to each bill. A bills payable book is a subsidiary book that shRead more

    A bills receivable book is a subsidiary book that shows the details of various bills receivables drawn on customers. It shows the amount, due date, date when the bill was drawn, name of the acceptor, and various other details pertaining to each bill.

    A bills payable book is a subsidiary book that shows the details of various bills that suppliers have drawn on the business. It shows the amount, due date, date when the bill was drawn, name of the drawer and various other details pertaining to each bill.

    The total of both these books is ultimately transferred to the general ledger. From there, it is used in drafting the balance sheet.

    Importance of bills receivable and bills payable books

    Bills receivable books help us know the amount that each customer is liable to pay us on specific dates while bills payable books help us know the amounts that we have to pay our various suppliers on certain dates.

    Together these books help us handle our cash flows in an efficient manner.

    We can evaluate our credit cycle. Bills receivable books help us avoid bad debts while bills payable books help us to avoid defaults.

     

    Difference between bills receivable and bills payable

    These are the primary differences between bills payable and bills receivable:

    • Bills receivable represent the amounts that the business is to receive from customers while bills payable represent the amounts that the business has to pay to suppliers.
    • Bills receivable are recorded as an asset in the balance sheet while bills payable are recorded as a liability.
    • Bills receivable are drawn by the business on the customers while the bills payable are drawn by the suppliers on the business.
    • Bills receivable are the outcome of credit sales while bills payable are the outcome of credit purchases.
    • Bills receivable result in an inflow of cash while bills payable result in an outflow of cash.
    • The dishonor of a bill receivable is recorded as an increase in the debtors of the business. Default on payment of bills payable may occur either because the business has become bankrupt or the business may record an increase in creditors.

    We can conclude that both bills receivable and bills payable books are subsidiary books. Bills receivable shows the details of every bill that the business has drawn on each credit customer. Bills payable show the details of every bill that each credit supplier has drawn on the business.

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Karan
Karan
In: >

  2. Ayushi Curious Pursuing CA
    This answer was edited.

    Secondary books of accounts are most commonly known as subsidiary books of accounts or day books. They are prepared to record the same type of journals in an ordered manner in a special book. They are nothing, but special journals. Recording all the journals entries in a single journal and these posRead more

    Secondary books of accounts are most commonly known as subsidiary books of accounts or day books. They are prepared to record the same type of journals in an ordered manner in a special book. They are nothing, but special journals.

    Recording all the journals entries in a single journal and these posting them to different ledgers can be very difficult if the number of transactions is huge.

    So, recording the same type of transactions in a special journal proves to be useful in efficient book-keeping and also information retrieval.

    There are eight subsidiary books:

    1. Cashbook – It is three types. (a) Single column cash book – It records only cash receipts and cash payments. (b) Double column cash book – Apart from cash receipts and cash payments, it also records bank receipts and bank payments. (c) Triple column cash book – It additionally records the discount allowed and discount received.
    2. Purchase book – It records all the credit purchases except the purchase of assets.
    3. Sales book – It records all the credit sales except the sale of assets.
    4. Purchase return book – It records all the transactions related to the return of purchased goods.
    5. Sale return book – It records all the transactions related to the return of goods from customers.
    6. Bills receivable book – It records the particulars of all the bills drawn in favour of the business.
    7. Bills payable book – It records the particulars of all the bills drawn in the name of the business.
    8. Journal proper – It records those transactions which cannot be recorded in any of the above-mentioned books. For example, entry related to depreciation charged on assets.

     

    Also, there are a few more things to know:-

    1. Subsidiary books may look like ledger accounts but they are not ledgers. Ledgers are books of final entry and subsidiary books can be said to be the book of intermediate entry and are not but special journals.
    2. Once transactions are recorded in the subsidiary books, they are then posted to the ledgers.
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